Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other places, such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Endometriosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease

5 potential Causes of Endometriosis

Family history of endometriosis (Early Menstruation before age of 11)
Higher than normal levels of estrogen
Reverse Menstruation: Tissue enters fallopian tube instead of exiting body during periods
Immune system fails to detect and destroy endometrial tissue growing out of uterus
Endometrial tissue displaced post surgery e.g: C-section

Role of Hormones in Endometriosis

Deficiency of Progesterone

Progesterone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and inhibit the growth of the endometrium

Excess of
Estrogen

Estrogen stimulates the growth of the endometrium and causes the endometrial tissue to become thicker and more vascular

Excess of

Inflammation

Immune system attacks the endometrial tissue outside of uterus leading to inflammation

The 4 stages
of endometriosis

Difficulty to get pregnant increases by the severity of the stage

Early Diagnosis is key in treating endometriosis

Delay of 6-10 years between start of symptoms and diagnosis is common

Laparoscopy: "This is a procedure during which your doctor makes a small incision near your navel and inserts a thin viewing instrument called a laparoscope. This allows them to look directly at your reproductive organs and see any signs of endometriosis."

Imaging Tests: "An MRI or CT scan can be used to look at your internal organs and detect any signs of endometriosis."

Biopsy: "During a biopsy, your doctor removes a small sample of tissue from the affected area and examines it under a microscope to look for signs of endometriosis"

4 Current Treatment options

Hormonal Therapy
Hormonal therapy involves using medications such as birth control pills, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and progestin therapy to reduce the production of hormones that can promote the growth of endometrial tissue.
Surgery
Surgery is often used to remove endometrial implants and scar tissue that has built up due to endometriosis. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used to diagnose and treat endometriosis.
Pain Management
Pain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids, can be used to reduce the pain caused by endometriosis.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Complementary and alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, yoga, and dietary supplements, may also help reduce pain and other symptoms associated with endometriosis.

Sources: Mayo Clinic, NHS

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